4/5/2023 0 Comments Antidote for potassium![]() ![]() In contrast, the cost of undertreatment can be hospitalization, surgical intervention, and permanent cosmetic and functional defects. The antidotes are relatively inexpensive, easy to prepare, and cause minor if any discomfort to the patient. In the case of extravasation injury, the cost of overtreating is minimal. The lack of consensus in the literature contributes both to undertreatment and inappropriate treatment of extravasations. Every source reviewed had different lists of noncytotoxic vesicants and varying recommendations and reasoning for proposed treatments. ![]() BARRIERS TO APPROPRIATE AND TIMELY TREATMENTĪ calcium extravasation was the impetus for seeking evidence-based treatment recommendations for noncytotoxic vesicant extravasations. This article summarizes the evidence supporting treatments for noncytotoxic vesicant extravasations and contains recommendations to aid clinicians in making timely, evidence-based treatment decisions. In 2017, the Infusion Nurses Society (INS) Vesicant Task Force published an evidence-based list identifying noncytotoxic vesicants, 3 but treatment modalities were outside the scope of that review. Vesicant identification and consensus treatment recommendations existed as early as 1979 2 for cytotoxic vesicants, but it is only in recent years that extravasation injury from noncytotoxic vesicants has begun to receive similar attention. The terms extravasation and infiltration are often used interchangeably in the literature, but the 2016 Infusion Therapy Standards of Practice (the Standards) 1 defines extravasation as “inadvertent infiltration of vesicant solution or medication into the surrounding tissue,” 1 (pS149) whereas infiltration is the “inadvertent administration of a nonvesicant solution or medication into surrounding tissues.” 1 (pS150) A vesicant is an agent capable of causing tissue damage when it escapes from the intended vascular pathway into surrounding tissue. Appropriate precautions can reduce the risk but not eliminate it. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.Įxtravasation is a universal risk of intravenous (IV) vesicant administration. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The authors of this article have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Her subspecialties include pain management and infusion therapy.Ĭorresponding Author: Jennie Ong, PharmD, Bryan Medical Center, 1600 S. Ruth Van Gerpen MS, RN-BC, APRN-CNS, AOCNS®, is a clinical nurse specialist at Bryan Medical Center in Lincoln, Nebraska, with 36 years of oncology experience. ![]() ![]() Her specialties include formulary management and patient safety–oriented process improvements. Jennie Ong, PharmD, is a clinical pharmacist at Bryan Medical Center in Lincoln, Nebraska, with 10 years of hospital pharmacy experience. Bryan Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska (Dr Ong and Ms Van Gerpen). ![]()
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